Náš prepodobný otec a vyznávač Teodor Studitský (11. november)

Teodor (759 – 826) bol aristokratickým igumenom (gr. hegumenos = predstavený) najprv monastiera Sakkudion (založeného spolu s jeho strýkom Platónom na rodinných majetkoch v Bitýnii) a potom, v roku 798, veľkého a významného monastiera Stoudium v Konštantínopole (pod patronátom cisárovnej Ireny).

Teodorove mníšske reformy (zdokonalenie a systematizácia asketického diela svätého Bazila Veľkého) viedli k tomu, že jeho Studitský typikon sa stal „štandardným“ vzorom pre väčšinu východných pravoslávnych monastierov v byzantskej ére.

Teodor povzbudzoval stovky mníchov svojej koinobitnej ustanovizne (gr. koinos bios = spoločný život), aby sa venovali literárnej aj liturgickej činnosti; a historici sa domnievajú, že práve v skriptóriu monastiera Stoudium bolo vymyslené grécke minuskulné písmo.


Odber nových článkov


Teodor bol energickým obhajcom práv mníchov proti cisárskemu aj patriarchálnemu trónu, keď cítil, že boli prekročené kánonické hranice; a zvlášť sa vyznamenal ako silný obhajca ikonodúlov (= ctiteľov ikon) v druhej fáze ikonoklastickej krízy, ktorá sa začala v roku 814.

Po triumfe pravoslávia v roku 843 bola Teodorova pamiatka povýšená spolu s pamiatkou svätého Jána Damaského medzi hlavných ikonodúlskych svätcov a jeho traktát O svätých obrazoch bol vplyvným textom.

Zdroj: John A. McGuckin: St. Theodore the Studite (759–826), The encylopedia of eastern orthodox christianity. Z angličtiny preložil o. Ján Krupa

Zdroj obrázka: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Studite.jpg





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