Svetlo pre život II.

Svetlo pre život II.: Otázka kalendára (10. časť)

od autora: Ján Krupa · 18 marca, 2023

Od šestnásteho storočia sa kresťanský svet borí s otázkou kalendára. Juliánsky kalendár, prijatý v Ríme v roku 45 pred naším letopočtom, sa už na Prvom ekumenickom koncile (Nicea, 325) ukázal ako nepresný. Až do moslimského dobytia Blízkeho východu vo ôsmom storočí táto chyba bola každoročne opravovaná. V roku 1582 pápež Gregor XIII. zrušil Juliánsky kalendár a nahradil ho Gregoriánskym kalendárom. V Gregoriánskom kalendári nadchádzajú nepohyblivé sviatky 13 dní pred príslušným dňom v Juliánskom kalendári. Gregoriánsky kalendár prijali rímskokatolícke krajiny a odmietli ho ostatné západné štáty vrátane Veľkej Británie a jej amerických kolónií. Východné cirkvi ho odmietli, pretože spôsobil, že Pascha sa slávila spolu so Židmi a niekedy aj pred nimi.

Odvtedy nekatolícke krajiny Európy a zvyšok sveta prijali gregoriánsky kalendár na občianske účely. Niektoré východné cirkvi naďalej používajú Juliánsky kalendár; iné používajú „Zmiešaný kalendár“, v ktorom sa Pascha počíta podľa Juliánskeho a pevné sviatky sa počítajú podľa Gregoriánskeho dátumu.

Kalendár	Paschálny cyklus	Pevné sviatky	Používajú
Juliánsky kalendár („Starý kalendár“)	Podľa Nicejského koncilu	13 dní po občianskom dátume (napr. juliánsky 25. december pripadá na gregoriánsky 7. január).	Mnohé pravoslávne a gréckokatolícke cirkvi v USA aj v zahraničí.
Gregoriánsky kalendár („Nový kalendár“)	Podľa občianskeho kalendára	Podľa občianskeho kalendára	Mnohé gréckokatolícke a niektoré pravoslávne cirkvi (Arménska, Fínska, Sýrska a Indická) v USA aj v zahraničí.
„Zmiešaný“ kalendár	Podľa Nicejského koncilu	Podľa občianskeho kalendára	Mnohé pravoslávne a niektoré gréckokatolícke cirkvi v USA a zahraničí.

Zdroj: Light for life. Part two. The Mystery celebrated. God with us publications 1996. Pracovný preklad zhotovili Juraj Šipula a o. Ján Krupa.

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Nasledujúce: Svetlo pre život II.: Pobožnosti (11. časť)

Predchádzajúce: Svetlo pre život II.: Nepohyblivé cykly – svätí a Bohorodička (9. časť)

Značky: Gréckokatolícke katechézy

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